Relação do processamento sensorial e sistema estomatognático de crianças respiradoras orais / Relation of sensory processing and stomatognical system of oral respiratory children

RESUMO Objetivo Verificar a relação entre o processamento sensorial e as alterações das funções do Sistema Estomatognático de crianças respiradoras orais, caracterizando o processamento sensorial destas e comparando-o com o de respiradoras nasais. Método Foram selecionadas 50 crianças (5 a 12 anos) que apresentaram diagnóstico de respiração oral e 50 sem sinais e sintomas de respiração oral ou rinite alérgica para fazer parte do grupo controle, pareadas por idade e sexo. As crianças respiradoras orais e nasais passaram por avaliação do processamento sensorial, através da Sensory Processing Measure - Home form, e as respiradoras orais por avaliação da motricidade orofacial através da Avaliação Miofuncional Orofacial com Escore. Os resultados foram apresentados em forma de tabela e com suas respectivas frequências absoluta e relativa. Resultados A maioria das crianças avaliadas foi do sexo masculino, estando com idade média de 8 anos. A maioria dos respiradores orais apresentou alteração no processamento de todos os sentidos, com relação estatisticamente significativa quando comparados com os respiradores nasais. Houve relação, nos respiradores orais, entre o processamento sensorial proprioceptivo e o movimento das bochechas, processamento sensorial visual e movimentação da cabeça durante a deglutição e entre o tipo de mastigação e o processamento sensorial tátil. Conclusão Após análise dos dados foi possível perceber que o processamento sensorial de todos os sistemas se apresenta com alteração nos respiradores orais e que esse mau processamento se relaciona a mobilidade orofacial, bem como com funções do Sistema Estomatognático, além do tipo de mastigação dessa população.

ABSTRACT Purpose To verify the relationship between sensory processing and changes in the functions of the stomatognathic system in mouth breathing children, characterizing their sensory processing and comparing it with that of nasal breathing children. Methods 50 children (5 to 12 years) who were diagnosed with mouth breathing and 50 without signs and symptoms of mouth breathing or allergic rhinitis were selected to be part of the control group, matched for age and sex. Oral and nasal breathing children underwent sensory processing evaluation, through the Sensory Processing Measure - home form, and mouth breathers, through the evaluation of orofacial motricity through the Orofacial Myofunctional Evaluation with score. The results were presented in table form and with their respective absolute and relative frequencies. Results Most of the children evaluated were male, with an average age of eight years. Most mouth breathers presented alteration in the processing of all senses, with a statistically significant relationship when compared to nasal breathers. There was a relationship, in mouth breathers, between proprioceptive sensory processing and the movement of the cheeks, visual sensory processing and head movement during swallowing, and between the type of chewing and tactile sensory processing. Conclusion After analyzing the data, it was possible to see that the sensory processing of all systems presents with changes in mouth breathers and that this poor processing is related to orofacial mobility, as well as functions of the stomatognathic system, in addition to the type of chewing of this population.

Diagnostic properties of sensitivity changes in patients with maxillofacial fractures: a systematic review

Aim: Verify the accuracy of objective assessments compared to subjective tests in detecting changes in somatosensory perception in individuals affected by maxillofacial trauma. Methods: The review (PROSPERO n ° CRD42019125546) used the databases: MEDLINE, Cochrane, EMBASE, LILACS and other bibliographic resources. Prospective and retrospective studies that used objective and subjective methods of assessing facial sensitivity in maxillofacial fractures were included. There was no restriction on language or publication date. Risk of bias was assessed using the QUADAS-2. Data extraction and analysis were performed using a form developed for the study. Results: 21 studies were included. The clinical objective examination mainly includes assessments of: tactile sensitivity (95.24%) and nociceptive sensitivity (57.14%). The subjective assessment was based on the patient's report, spontaneously (61.90%), guided by structured questionnaires (33.33%) and/or using scales (9.52%) to measure the degree of impairment. In risk of bias assessment, were observed no adequate interpretation and classification of changes in subjective sensitivity, subject to inappropriate analysis of the data. In addition, the studies bring several instruments without standardization for assessing sensory modalities. Conclusion: The objective assessment is a complement to the subjective assessment, using the touch assessment as the main parameter in the profile of the facial peripheral integrity, associated or not with nociceptive assessment. Lack of consensus on the indication of specific instruments for testing is a limiting factor. Thus, based on the studies, is proposed a minimum battery of sensitivity assessment to obtain an overview of the patient's peripheral nervous situation

Características Psicomotoras e Sensoriais de crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) em atendimento terapêutico ocupacional / Características psicomotoras y sensoriales de niños con trastorno del espectro autístico (TEA) en atención de Terapia Ocupacional / Psychomotoral and sensory characteristics of children with autistic spectrum disorder (tea) in occupational therapeutic care

Atualmente o autismo tem sido classificado como Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA), podendo apresentar como critério diagnóstico os atrasos no desenvolvimento psicomotor e alterações sensoriais, além das características típicas. Objetivo: Identificar as características psicomotoras e sensoriais de crianças com diagnóstico de TEA atendidas no setor de Terapia Ocupacional na Unidade Saúde Escola da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (USE-UFSCar). Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram nove crianças de quatro a dez anos de idade com diagnóstico de TEA, e seus responsáveis. Os instrumentos utilizados para coleta de dados foram um Questionário de dados gerais da criança; Perfil sensorial e Bateria Psicomotora. A coleta dos dados ocorreu na própria Unidade,sendo que os dados dos instrumentos padronizados foram analisados a partir das instruções pré-existentes, e os dados do Questionário de forma descritiva. Resultados: Identificou-se que as crianças participantes apresentam déficits psicomotores nos seguintes aspectos: noção do corpo, estruturação espaço-tempo, praxia global e fina. Em relação ao sistema sensorial, as alterações identificadas no presente estudo foram na audição, sistema vestibular e multissensorial, constante procura sensorial, inatenção e na motricidade fina. Conclusão: Aponta-se para a importância de maiores investimentos nesse campo, uma vez que pode favorecer as intervenções voltadas a esse público.

Actualmente, el autismo se ha clasificado como trastorno del espectro autista (TEA), y puede presentarse como criterio de diagnóstico de retrasos en el desarrollo psicomotor y cambios sensoriales, además de las características típicas. Objetivo: identificar las características psicomotoras y sensoriales de los niños diagnosticados con TEA tratados en el sector de terapia ocupacional en la Unidad de la Escuela de Salud de la Universidad Federal de São Carlos (USE-UFSCar). Método: Esta es una investigación exploratoria y descriptiva, con un enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron nueve niños de cuatro a diez años diagnosticados con TEA y sus padres. Los instrumentos utilizados para la recopilación de datos fueron un cuestionario de datos generales del niño; Perfil sensorial y batería psicomotora. La recopilación de datos tuvo lugar en la propia Unidad, y los datos de los instrumentos estandarizados se analizaron utilizando instrucciones preexistentes y los datos del Cuestionario de manera descriptiva. Resultados: Se identificó que los niños participantes tienen déficits psicomotores en los siguientes aspectos: noción del cuerpo, estructuración espacio-tiempo, praxis global y fina. Con respecto al sistema sensorial, los cambios identificados en el presente estudio fueron en el sistema auditivo, vestibular y multisensorial, búsqueda sensorial constante, falta de atención y en el motricidad fina. Conclusión: señala la importancia de mayores inversiones en este campo, ya que puede favorecer intervenciones dirigidas a esta audiencia.

Currently, autism has been classified as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and may present as a diagnostic criterion delays in psychomotor development and sensory changes, in addition to the typical characteristics. Objective: To identify the psychomotor and sensory profile of children diagnosed with ASD. Method: This is a survey study, exploratory and descriptive, with a qualitative and quantitative approach. Nine children from four to ten years old diagnosed with a diagnosis of ASD participated, linked to the School Health Unit (uSE)­UFSCar and their guardians. The instruments used for data collection were a questionnaire of general data of the child; Sensory profile and Psychomotor Battery. Data collection took place at the Unit itself, and data from standardized instruments were analyzed based on pre-existing instructions, and data from the Questionnaire were analyzed descriptively. Results: Children with ASD have psychomotor deficits in the following aspects: body notion, space-time structuring, global and global and fine praxis. Regarding the sensory system, the changes identified were in hearing, vestibular and multisensory system, constant sensory search, inattention and fine motor. Conclusion: It points to the importance of greater investments in this field, since it can favor interventions aimed at this audience.

Postural balance in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders / Equilíbrio postural em crianças com Transtorno do Espectro Autista

ABSTRACT Purpose: to characterize the performance of children with autism spectrum disorders in two postural balance assessment scales. Methods: an observational cross-sectional study with a descriptive, analytical profile. Seven to 11-year-old children with mild autism spectrum disorder, diagnosed by an interdisciplinary team, according to the DSM-5, were assessed. The protocols used were the Sensory Organization Test and Pediatric Balance Scale. Results: all the children obtained maximum performance in the Sensory Organization Test. As for the Pediatric Balance Scale, the participants had similar responses in 8 out of its 14 items; in the other 6, there was a standard deviation. Conclusion: the participants did not have difficulties performing the Pediatric Balance Scale and Sensory Organization Test, scoring quite close to the maximum value.

RESUMO Objetivo: caracterizar o desempenho de criança com Transtorno do Espectro Autista em duas escalas de avaliação do Equilíbrio Postural. Métodos: estudo de interferência observacional, com segmento transversal e de perfil descritivo analítico. Foram avaliadas crianças com diagnóstico de TEA de grau leve segundo o DSM-5, diagnosticadas por equipe interdisciplinar, com idade entre 7 e 11 anos. Os protocolos utilizados foram o Teste de Organização Sensorial e a Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica. Resultados: todas as crianças apresentaram desempenho máximo no Teste de Organização Sensorial. Na Escala de Equilíbrio Pediátrica, dos 14 itens presentes, os participantes apresentaram respostas semelhantes em oito deles, e nos seis demais houve desvio padrão. Conclusão: os participantes não demonstraram dificuldades na realização na EEP e no Teste de Organização Sensorial, mantendo escores muito próximos do valor máximo.

Intervención de terapia ocupacional en niños con dificultades de procesamiento sensorial: un estudio de caso múltiple en una escuela en Paris / Occupational therapy intervention for children with challenges in sensory processing: a multiple case study from a school in Paris

PROPÓSITO: El principal objetivo de este estudio fue describir el proceso y evaluar la eficacia de terapia ocupacional con abordaje de integración sensorial para 3 niños con dificultades de procesamiento sensorial, con el fin de ayudar a desarrollar modelos de practica apropiados en planificación e implementación de la intervención de terapia ocupacional. MÉTODO: Se utilizó un diseño de estudio de casos múltiples. Todos los participantes eran estudiantes de la misma escuela y fueron remitidos a terapia ocupacional debido a dificultades en escritura, torpeza motora y participación en clase. Los participantes recibieron sesiones individuales de 45 minutos de duración. La duración media de la intervención fue de 27 sesiones realizadas una vez por semana en el transcurso del año lectivo. Los niños fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención con entrevistas a padres y maestros, observaciones clínicas y pruebas estandarizadas. RESULTADOS: Luego de la intervención se observaron mejores resultados en habilidades de desempeño de las evaluaciones estandarizadas Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Segunda Edición (BOT™-2) y Prueba de Desarrollo de la Percepción Visual - Tercera Edición (DTVP-3). Además, se observó mejora en la calidad de la escritura y la participación en los juegos de motricidad gruesa en todos los niños. CONCLUSIÓN: Los resultados de este estudio se adhieren a la literatura en el sentido de que la terapia ocupacional bajo un marco de integración sensorial parece ser un método efectivo para mejorar las habilidades de desempeño y la participación funcional de los niños con desafíos de procesamiento sensorial.

PURPOSE: The main purpose of this study was to describe the process and evaluate the effectiveness of occupational therapy under a sensory integration framework for 3 children with sensory processing challenges, in order to help develop models of good practice in planning and implementation of occupational therapy intervention. METHOD: A Multiple Case Study design was utilized. All participants were students at the same school and were referred to occupational therapy because of concerns with handwriting, clumsiness and class participation. Participants received individual, 45 minutes long intervention sessions. The mean length of intervention was 27 sessions delivered 1 time per week over the course of the academic year. Children were evaluated before and after intervention with parent/teacher interviews, clinical observations and standardized tests. RESULTS: After the intervention all participants obtained higher scores for performance skills in the standardized tests Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, Second Edición (BOT™-2) and Developmental Test of Visual Perception ­ Third Edition (DTVP-3). Furthermore, improved handwriting quality and participation on gross motor games was reported for all participants. CONCLUSION: The results of this study adhere to the literature in that occupational therapy under a sensory integration framework seems to be an effective method for enhancing performance skills and functional participation of children with sensory processing challenges.

Task-state fMRI observation on impact of electrical stimulation numbness to central nervous system in normal people / 中国医学影像技术

Objective: To investigate the impact of electrical stimulation numbness to central nervous system in normal people. Methods: Electric stimulator was used to establish low-frequency, high-frequency numbness models with 22 healthy subjects. Scores for numbness and emotional valence for different electrical stimulations were recorded, and data of functional MRI (fMRI) in task state were also collected. The differences of numbness and emotional valence score of subjects under low frequency and high frequency electrical stimulation were compared, respectively. Then brain regions with significant differences in brain activation intensity under different frequencies of electrical stimulation were obtained, and the differences of activation effect values of activated brain regions under different electrical stimulations intensity were compared, respectively. The relationship of numbness and emotional valence scores under high frequency electrical stimulation were analyzed. Results: There were statistical differences of numbness (t=13.18) and valence score (t=10.77) under different electrical stimulations (both P<0.05). There was negative correlation between numbness and valence scores under high-frequency electrical stimulation (r=-0.53, P=0.01). The brain areas with significant differences of activation intensity under different electrical stimulation included left parietal operculum, left middle cingulate gyrus, left temporal gyrus, right parietal operculum, left postcentral gyrus, right central operculum, right posterior insula and left thalamus (all P<0.05). Conclusion: The activated brain regions under different electrical stimulations caused numbness include left parietal operculum, left middle cingulate gyrus, left temporal gyrus, right parietal operculum, left postcentral gyrus, right central operculum, right posterior insula and left thalamus in normal people. Block-designed BOLD-fMRI can be used to detect activity of brain areas associated with numbness.

Avaliação da sensibilidade em áreas de enxerto cutâneo do membro superior de pacientes queimados e sua repercussão na qualidade de vida / Assessment of skin graft areas sensibility of upper limb of burned patients and its repercussion on quality of life

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a sensibilidade de áreas que receberam enxerto de pele nos membros superiores de pacientes queimados e sua percepção de como a sensibilidade está relacionada à sua qualidade de vida. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 30 indivíduos, com queimadura em membro superior, tratados com enxertia. Foram obtidos dados pessoais e histórico da lesão. Aplicava-se a escala de Vancouver para avaliar a sensibilidade da área enxertada e a mesma era medida. A sensibilidade tátil foi avaliada por meio de um estesiômetro, já a sensibilidade térmica foi avaliada por meio de um tubo de ensaio com água a 40°C, com água temperatura ambiente e aplicava-se gelo. Por meio da utilização do TENS, no modo convencional e com variação de intensidade e frequência (VIF), avaliou-se a sensação de prurido e sensibilidade nociceptiva, respectivamente. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada através do BSHS-R. RESULTADOS E CONCLUSÃO: Queimaduras nos membros superiores tratadas com enxerto de pele precisam de estímulos de intensidades maiores para despertar sensação nas áreas queimadas quando comparadas às sadias. A sensibilidade térmica tende a retornar mais rápido. As alterações da sensibilidade na área do enxerto interferem na qualidade de vida do paciente.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitivity of areas that received skin grafts on the upper limbs of burned patients and their perception of how the sensitivity is related to their quality of life. METHODS: Thirty individuals with burns on the upper limbs, treated with grafting, were evaluated. Personal data and history of the injury were obtained. The Vancouver scale was applied to assess the sensitivity of the grafted area and it was measured. The tactile sensitivity was assessed by means of a stoichiometer, whereas the thermal sensitivity was assessed by means of a test tube with water at 40°C, with water at room temperature and ice was applied. Through the use of TENS, in the conventional way and with varying intensity and frequency (VIF), itching sensation and nociceptive sensitivity were evaluated, respectively. Quality of life was assessed using the BSHS-R. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Burns in the upper limbs treated with a skin graft need stimuli of greater intensity to arouse sensations when compared to healthy areas. Thermal sensitivity tends to return faster. Sensitivity changes in the graft area interfere with patients quality of life.

Alterações sensoriais em respiradores orais: revisão sistemática baseada no método prisma / Sensory changes in mouth breathers: systematic review based on the prisma method

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar, na literatura, estudos que abordem alterações nos sistemas sensoriais apresentadas por respiradores orais. Fonte de dados: A busca foi realizada nas bases de dados PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science e Scopus. A busca foi realizada independentemente por dois pesquisadores, seguindo os critérios de seleção. Foram selecionados artigos originais que abordaram a respiração oral e as alterações nos sistemas sensoriais publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Os artigos de revisão da literatura, as dissertações, os capítulos de livros, os estudos de caso e os editoriais foram excluídos. Síntese dos dados: Foram encontrados 719 artigos, dos quais 663 foram excluídos pelo título e 22 pelo resumo. Trinta e quatro manuscritos foram analisados, dos quais 23 estavam repetidos e 8 foram excluídos pelo texto lido na íntegra. Assim, três artigos foram selecionados para esta revisão. Conclusões: A maioria dos estudos apresenta a ocorrência de alterações dos sistemas sensoriais em crianças respiradoras orais. Contudo, observa-se maior preocupação na avaliação da recepção sensorial. Além disso, a avaliação dos sistemas sensoriais foi realizada de forma não padronizada, o que pode ter acarretado resultados menos precisos na população estudada.

ABSTRACT Objective: To review, in the literature, information regarding changes in the sensory systems of mouth breathers. Data sources: The search was conducted in the following databases PubMed, BIREME, LILACS, Web of Science and Scopus. The search was independently carried out by two researchers, following the selection criteria. Original articles that approached mouth breathing and changes in sensory systems published in Portuguese, English and Spanish were published. Literature review of articles, dissertations, book chapters, case studies and editorials were excluded. Data synthesis: We found 719 articles. Among them, 663 were excluded by the title and 22 by the summary. Among the 34 analyzed manuscripts, 23 were repeated and 8 were excluded by reading the full text. Thus, 3 articles were selected for this review. Conclusions: Most studies presents the occurrence of changes in sensory systems in mouth breathing children. However, sensory reception is a matter of more concern. Besides, the evaluation of sensory systems was not standardized, which may have led to less precise results in the studied population.

Sensory disorders and electrophysiological study in Parkinson's disease / 中华神经科杂志

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common forms of neurodegenerative diseases and increases in incidence with aging.Low mortality and high disability rates bring huge economic and psychological burden to society and families.PD manifested as motor symptoms and non-motor symptoms.Recent studies have shown that non-motor symptoms,such as sensory disorder,are the significant symptoms in early stages of PD and influence quality of life of PD patients.This review focuses on the characteristics and electrophysiological changes of sensory disorders (olfactory,visual,auditory,vestibule function,pain,etc) in PD patients to provide help for the early diagnosis,disease monitoring and efficacy evaluation of PD.

Research progress on non motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease / 中国医师杂志

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a type of degenerative disease of the nervous system.In addition to its typical clinical symptoms,non-motor symptoms mainly include sensory disorders,neuropsychiatric disorders and autonomic nerve disorders,which also have serious effects on patients.This article reviews the performance,mechanism of non-motor symptoms to improve clinicians' attention and improve the quality of life for Parkinson's patients.

Lateral medullary infarction resembling myelopathy :a case report and literature review / 中国脑血管病杂志

The incidence of lateral medullary infarction is higher in clinical practice,which is mainly manifested as crossed sensory dysfunction .while the lateral medullary infarction with segmental development of sensory level is rare and easily confused with myelopathy. In this paper,we report the clinical data of a patient with lateral medullary infarction resembling myelopathy,and analyzes the classification,infarct site, responsible vessel,etiology,treatment and prognosis of lateral medullary infarction with sensory dysfunction level in combination with previous literature,so as to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of similar cases.

PROCESSAMENTO SENSORIAL NO PERÍODO DA INFÂNCIA EM CRIANÇAS NASCIDAS PRÉ-TERMO: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA / SENSORY PROCESSING DURING CHILDHOOD IN PRETERM INFANTS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

RESUMO Objetivo: Buscar sistematicamente evidências fundamentadas e de qualidade sobre o processamento sensorial em crianças nascidas pré-termo no período da infância. Fontes de dados: A busca da literatura disponível sobre o tema foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas Sistema Online de Busca e Análise de Literatura Médica (Medline)/PubMed, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs)/Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS)/BVS, Scopus e Web of Science. Foram incluídos estudos indexados, originais, quantitativos e disponíveis na íntegra em meio digital, publicados em português, inglês ou espanhol, entre 2005 e 2015, envolvendo crianças entre zero e 9 anos de idade. Síntese dos dados: A busca identificou 581 artigos, e oito foram incluídos conforme critérios de elegibilidade. Destes, seis estudos (75%) encontraram alta frequência de processamento sensorial alterado em crianças pré-termo. A associação entre processamento sensorial e desfechos de desenvolvimento foi observada em três estudos (37,5%). Verificou-se associação entre processamento sensorial e características neonatais em cinco estudos (62,5%). Os resultados de processamento sensorial frequentemente se associam a idade gestacional, sexo masculino e lesões da substância branca. Conclusões: Análise da literatura atual sugere que prematuridade tem impacto negativo no processamento sensorial. Idade gestacional, sexo masculino e lesões de substância branca aparecem como fatores de risco para alterações de processamento sensorial em crianças nascidas pré-termo. O prejuízo na capacidade de receber informações sensoriais, de integrar e de adaptar-se a elas parece interferir negativamente no desenvolvimento motor, cognitivo e de linguagem dessas crianças. Destaca-se a viabilidade da identificação das alterações de processamento sensorial nos primeiros anos de vida, favorecendo o encaminhamento precoce para intervenções clínicas.

ABSTRACT Objective: To conduct a systematic search for grounded and quality evidence of sensory processing in preterm infants during childhood. Data source: The search of the available literature on the theme was held in the following electronic databases: Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline)/PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (Lilacs)/Virtual Library in Health (BVS), Índice Bibliográfico Español de Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS)/BVS, Scopus, and Web of Science. We included only original indexed studies with a quantitative approach, which were available in full text on digital media, published in Portuguese, English, or Spanish between 2005 and 2015, involving children aged 0-9years. Data synthesis: 581 articles were identified and eight were included. Six studies (75%) found high frequency of dysfunction in sensory processing in preterm infants. The association of sensory processing with developmental outcomes was observed in three studies (37.5%). The association of sensory processing with neonatal characteristics was observed in five studies (62.5%), and the sensory processing results are often associated with gestational age, male gender, and white matter lesions. Conclusions: The current literature suggests that preterm birth affects the sensory processing, negatively. Gestational age, male gender, and white matter lesions appear as risk factors for sensoryprocessing disorders in preterm infants. The impairment in the ability to receivesensory inputs, to integrateand to adapt to them seems to have a negative effect on motor, cognitive, and language development of these children. We highlight the feasibility of identifying sensory processing disorders early in life, favoring early clinical interventions.

Desórdenes de la modulación sensorial y dibujo de la figura humana / Sensory modulation disorder and human figure drawing

El propósito de éste trabajo es examinar las características del dibujo de la figura humana (DFH) en niños con desórdenes en la modulación sensorial (DMS), establecer si hay diferencias significativas respecto a los niños de desarrollo típico e identificar en que dimensiones se observan estas diferencias: cuantitativas (diferente número de partes) cualitativas (claras desproporciones, agregados u omisiones) o ambas. Para ello se administró el DFH a veintiún niños de 4.9 a 5.8 años de edad, que obtuvieron un resultado de dos desviaciones estándar por debajo de la norma en el Perfil Sensorial Forma Corta (versión en español) de McIntosh, Miller, Syu & Dunn (1999), de escuelas de gestión pública o privada de la ciudad autónoma de Buenos Aires y provincia de Buenos Aires, y se compararon con veintiún niños de similar edad y escolaridad, que obtuvieron un resultado dentro del rango típico en este instrumento. El Perfil Sensorial fue usado como herramienta para discriminar los niños con y sin DMS. Mientras que los DFH se analizaron usando el Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP 1982,1988) sub-test de la figura humana. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la hipótesis planteada. Los niños con DMS realizaron un DFH con un menor número de partes (p = <0.0005) e indicadores cualitativos indeseables. La relevancia del proyecto es indicar al DFH como una herramientas de observación estructurada del niño, dentro del marco holístico propio del quehacer clínico del terapista ocupacional. Y contribuir al conocimiento del impacto de los DMS en el desempeño ocupacional del niño.

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of human figure drawing (HFD) in children with sensory modulation disorders (SMD) establishing whether there are significant differences relative to typically developing children, and to identify in which dimensions those differences are observed: quantitative (different number of parts) qualitative (clear disproportions, aggregates or omission) or both. For that a HFD was administered to twenty one children between the ages of 4.9 and 5.8 years of age, from public or private schools of the Autonomus city of Buenos Aires and the province of Buenos Aires, who obtained a score of two standard deviation below the norm in the Sensory Profile Short Form (Spanish version) of McIntosh, Miller, Syu & Dunn (1999) and were compared with twenty one children of similar age and education who received a score within the typical range on this test instrument.The Sensory Profile was used as a tool to discriminate children with and without SMD.While the HFD were analyzed using the Miller Assessment for Preschoolers (MAP, 1982, 1988) sub-test of the Humane Figure. The results obtained, confirmed the stated hypothesis. The children with SMD produced a HFD with less number of parts (p= <0.0005) and undesirable qualitative features. The relevance of this project is to indicate that HFD could be a tool for the structured observation of the child used by occupational therapist within the context of their holistic framework. And contribute to the knowledge of the impact of SMD in the occupational performance of the child.

A disturbed processing of graviceptive pathways may be involved in the pathophysiology of balance disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis / O processamento incorreto das informações graviceptivas pode estar envolvido na fisiopatologia dos distúrbios do equilíbrio em pacientes com esclerose múltipla

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between perception of verticality and balance disorders in multiple sclerosis patients. We evaluated patients and healthy controls. Patients were divided into two groups according to their risk of fall, with or without risk of fall, measured by a Dynamic Gait Index scale. Graviceptive perception was assessed using the subjective visual vertical test. Patients with risk of fall showed worse perception than those without risk of fall, p < 0.001. Misperception of verticality was correlated with the dynamic gait index scores (p < 0.001), suggesting that the larger the error for verticality judgment, the greater risk for falling. Considering that the perception of verticality is essential for postural control, our results suggested that the disturbed processing of graviceptive pathways may be involved in the pathophysiology of balance disorders in these patients.

RESUMO Nosso objetivo foi determinar a relação entre percepção de verticalidade e alterações do equilíbrio em pacientes com esclerose múltipla (EM). Foram avaliados pacientes e sujeitos saudáveis. Pacientes foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o risco de queda, mensurado pelo Índice de marcha dinâmica, formando os grupos com risco e sem risco de quedas. A percepção da verticalidade foi medida através do teste vertical visual subjetiva (VVS). Pacientes com risco de queda apresentaram pior percepção da verticalidade quando comparados aos sem risco, p < 0,001. O desempenho no teste da VVS foi pior em pacientes quando comparado aos controles (p < 0,001). O erro no julgamento da verticalidade foi correlacionado aos índices de risco de queda (p < 0,001), sugerindo que quanto maior o erro no julgamento da verticalidade, maior o risco de queda dos pacientes. Nossos resultados sugerem que alterações das informações em vias graviceptivas podem estar envolvidas nas alterações de equilíbrio dessa população.

Morphologic characteristics of the mandibular ramus in patients with prognathism undergoing sagittal split ramus osteotomy / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND:Sagittal split ramus osteotomy is one of the most popular surgical procedures for correcting various mandibular deformities. There have been numerous modifications to this technique on the basis of clinical experiences and observation, but relevant anatomical data are very limited. A lot of anatomic studies on the mandible have been performed during the recent 20 years. OBJECTIVE:To entirely understanding the morphology of the mandibular ramus in the sagittal split ramus osteotomy and to explore the research progress in the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. METHODS:An electronic search of CMB and Medline was performed for relevant reviews and papers published from 1991 to 2011. Progress in the sagittal split ramus osteotomy was also analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Total y 26 articles related to the sagittal split ramus osteotomy were enrol ed. The keys to avoiding complications due to the sagittal split ramus osteotomy are as fol ows:distribution of cancel ous bone in the mandibular uvula area, distribution of cancel ous bone between the mandibular canal and buccal cortical bone during splitting progress, as wel as location and trend of the mandibular canal. Pre-operative CT test contributes to a successful sagittal split ramus osteotomy and a reduction in complications, and the anatomical measurement can be applied clinical y to a greater extent.

Assessment of light touch sensation in the hands of systemic sclerosis patients

INTRODUCTION: Systemic sclerosis is a relatively rare connective tissue disorder characterized by severe and progressive fibrosis of the skin. Due to the current lack of available information on this subject, the aim of the present study was to assess light touch sensations in the hands of patients with systemic sclerosis. METHODS: We completed a cross-sectional comparative study. Light touch sensations were evaluated in 30 individuals, including 15 patients with systemic sclerosis who exhibited changes in the dermis of their hands without loss of the distal phalanx and 15 subjects who did not exhibit changes in the upper limbs (control group). The groups were age- and sex-matched. Tactile sensory evaluations were performed using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test and the two-point discrimination test. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found between groups in the monofilament test. The study group had lower scores across all points of the hand when compared with the control group. Differences were also found when dominant and non-dominant hands were compared (p<0.05). Statistically significant differences were found between groups for a subset of the assessed points in the two-point discrimination test. CONCLUSIONS: The results of a monofilament test showed that tactile sensation, specifically light touch and deep pressure sensations, is altered in the hands of systemic sclerosis patients. .

Detection of Mycobacterium leprae in saliva and the evaluation of oral sensitivity in patients with leprosy

The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity disorders in the oral cavity related to the presence of Mycobacterium leprae in the saliva of treatment-naïve patients with leprosy in the state of Amazonas, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 45 subjects with leprosy. The subjects were interviewed to evaluate the sensitivity of the oral cavity. For the detection of M. leprae, saliva and slit-skin smear samples were collected. The samples were analysed using a bacteriological index (BI) protocol and the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results indicated that 15 of the 45 (33.3%) subjects with leprosy showed decreased oral sensitivity, which confirmed the importance of the oral cavity sensitivity evaluation. There was not a direct relationship between the presence of M. leprae in saliva and changes in oral sensitivity. Positive saliva qPCR results from six (31.6%) of 19 paucibacillary (PB) patients suggested the possibility of a new site for sample collection. Positive results using these diagnostic techniques (BI, slit-skin smear and saliva qPCR) increased to 55.5%, thus opening the possibility of combining these different techniques to increase the rate of positive diagnoses, especially in PB patients.

Neuropatia silenciosa em portadores de hanseníase na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil / Silent neuropathy in patients with leprosy in the city of Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil

Uma das formas da hanseníase é a neuropatia silenciosa que consiste em perda progressiva da função motora ou sensorial na ausência de dor e hipersensibilidade dos nervos. Realizou-se um estudo transversal em Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil, o qual estimou a proporção de neuropatia silenciosa e fatores associados. O paciente foi interrogado sobre a presença de dor, dormência, alteração da sensibilidade, e foi realizada palpação de nervos para identificar espessamento, abscesso e dor. Amostras de linfa foram obtidas para exames parasitológicos. Foi medida a força de músculos voluntários dos membros e a sensibilidade de pontos das mãos e dos pés por meio de monofilamentos de Semmes-Weinstein. De uma amostra de 233 portadores de hanseníase, a proporção de pacientes com neuropatia silenciosa foi 5,6 por cento (IC95 por cento: 3,0-9,4), e a ocorrência de neuropatia silenciosa esteve significativamente associada à idade (p = 0,011) e à incapacidade (p < 0,000). Esses resultados poderão ajudar a identificar casos de neuropatia silenciosa, focalizando pacientes com maior probabilidade de desenvolver a doença.

One of the clinical forms of Hansen's disease is silent neuropathy, which consists of progressive nerve damage in the absence of pain and hypersensitivity to palpation. This study estimated the proportion of silent neuropathy and associated factors. A cross-sectional study was performed in Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil. Patients were asked about the presence of decreased sensation involving touch, heat, pain, and numbness. Nerves were palpated to identify thickness, abscess, and pain. Lymph samples were drawn for parasitological tests. Strength of voluntary muscles in the feet and hands was evaluated. The sensitivity of specific points on the feet and hands was measured using Semmes-Weinstein monofilament. The sample included 233 patients. The proportion of silent neuropathy was 5.6 percent (95 percentCI: 3.0-9.4), and factors significantly associated with silent neuropathy were: age (p = 0.011) and disability (p < 0.000). These results will help identify cases of silent neuropathy, targeting patients at higher risk.